Thursday, May 28, 1964: Palestine Liberation Organization

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), umbrella political organization claiming to represent the world's Palestinians -- those Arabs, and their descendants, who lived in mandated Palestine before the creation there of the State of Israel in 1948. It was formed in 1964 to centralize the leadership of various Palestinian groups that previously had operated as clandestine resistance movements.
     -- from Encyclopedia Britannia

* Statement of Proclamation of the Organization and Palestine National Charter of 1964 (from Haaretz): @

* PLO summary (from State of Palestine Mission to the United Nations): @

* PLO summary (from Embassy of the state of Palestine in Malaysia): @

* PLO summary (from Oxford Islamic Studies Online): @
* PLO summary (from Maps of World): @

* "What is the Palestine Liberation Organization?" (from procon.org): @

* Summary of Palestinian National Covenant (from wordvia.com): @

* "The Middle East 1916-2001: A Documentary Record" (The Avalon Project, Yale University): @ 

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Tuesday, April 11, 1961: The trial of Adolf Eichmann

In Jerusalem, Israel, former Nazi leader Adolf Eichmann goes on trial for his role in the Holocaust of World War II. (Eichmann had been captured the year before; see post of May 11, 1960.) The 15 counts against him include charges of crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity, war crimes and membership in a hostile organization.

-- Trial summaries

* From United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: @

* From Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team: @

* From Israel State Archives: @

* From "The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust": @

-- Other resources

* "The Trial of Adolf Eichmann" (from remember.org): @

* "Marking 50 Years Since the Eichmann Trial" (from Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority): @

* Trial transcripts (from The Nizkor Project): @

* Trial photos (from Israel State Archives): @

* "How Nazi Adolf Eichmann's trial unified Israel" (from BBC): @

* holocaustsurvivors.org: @

-- Videos

* Eichmann Trial Channel (includes 200+ hours of trial footage): @

* Newsreel: @

* Portions of trial (from britishpathe.com): @

* Opening statement by Israeli attorney general Gideon Hausner: @

* Witness testimonies: @

* Significance (by Deborah Lipstadt, Holocaust studies professor, Emory University): @

* "The Seventh Million" (documentary): Part I @ and Part II @

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Wednesday, September 14, 1960: OPEC

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is established during a four-day meeting in Baghdad, Iraq. Its members are Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela; its mission is "ensuring the stabilization of prices in international oil markets with a view to eliminating harmful and unncessary price fluctuations." It was created in response to the United States' decision to restrict the amount of oil imported from those countries in favor of oil from Canada and Mexico. That action had depressed the OPEC countries' oil prices while benefiting U.S. oil companies.

* OPEC history: @ and @

* "The Founding of OPEC" (from New York Times): @

* Timeline: @

* Economic overview: @ and @

* Statute: @

* Short history of oil: @

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Wednesday, May 11, 1960: Israel abducts Adolf Eichmann

Adolf Eichmann, "the architect of the Holocaust," is captured by Israeli agents in Argentina, where he had been living since 1950. He was smuggled out of the country on May 21, and his capture was announced to the Israeli people on May 23. (His trial would begin in April 1961.) During World War II, Eichmann helped oversee the Nazi campaign to wipe out the Jewish population of Europe.

* More about Eichmann: @ and @

* More about the capture: @

* CIA files on Eichmann: @

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