10.01.2012

Monday, October 1, 1962: Johnny Carson

Johnny Carson takes over as permanent host of NBC's "The Tonight Show." He would host the show until 1992.

From Cynthia Lowry of The Associated Press (October 3 story):

  NBC's "Tonight Show" with Johnny Carson as its new pilot, took off smoothly this week, Johnny was agreeable, exhibited occasional flashes of gentle wit and seemed poised and sure of himself.
  It is unfair to review a program of this type -- largely spontaneous and depending heavily on the entertainment value of its guest stars -- until it has had a few test flights.
  This viewer's initial reaction was that the show was so smooth and bland, the conversation so polite -- and the commercials so all-encompassing -- that the program was hardly worth the sacrifice of a couple of hours of sleep. But again, Carson must have a chance to get rolling.


* Audio clip of first show (Carson was introduced by Groucho Marx): @
* "Johnny Carson: King of Late Night" (from PBS.org): @
* "The Tonight Show" entry from The Museum of Broadcast Communications: @
* Carson entry from "Encyclopedia of Television": @
* www.johnnycarson.com: @ 

9.30.2012

Sunday, September 30, 1962: Farm labor unions


The National Farm Workers Association, led by Cesar Chavez, holds its first convention in Fresno, California. (In 1966 the group would merge with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee to form the United Farm Workers union.)
* Chavez entry from County of Los Angeles Public Library: @
* United Farm Workers chronology (from www.ufwfoundation.org): @
* "Broad Shoulders" (Smithsonian magazine, 2005): @
* "The Fight in the Fields" (PBS documentary): @
* "Cesar Chavez: Autobiography of La Causa" (Jacques E. Levy, 2007): @
* Farmworker Movement Documentation Project: @
* Photo gallery (Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University): @ 

9.26.2012

Wednesday, September 26, 1962: 'The Beverly Hillbillies'

The comedy about an Arkansas family that strikes it rich and moves to California debuts on CBS-TV. Within a month it is the most-watched show on U.S. television.
* Entry from Museum of Broadcast Communications: @
* Episodes from Public Domain Comedy Video: @ 
* "Hillbillies" entry from Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture: @
* Entry from TV.com: @
* Entry from TVLand.com: @
* Entry from Archive of American Television: @
* Excerpt from "The Enduring Legacy of Old Southwest Humor" (Edward J. Piacentino, editor, 2006): @
* Excerpt from "Blockbuster TV: Must-See Sitcoms in the Network Era" (Janet Staiger, 2000): @ 

9.23.2012

Sunday, September 23, 1962: 'The Jetsons'

"The Jetsons," a cartoon series set in the year 2062, premieres on ABC-TV. It was the network's first show to be broadcast in color.

* "50 Years of the Jetsons: Why The Show Still Matters" (from Paleofuture blog, Smithsonian.com): @
* "Jetsons" entries from yowpyowp.blogspot.com: @
* " 'The Jetsons' Turns 50: How the Future Looked in 1962" (from Techland, Time.com): @
* Entry from The Big Cartoon Database: @
* Entry from TV.com: @ 

9.22.2012

Saturday-Sunday, September 22-23, 1962: Esalen Institute


From the organization's website:

The Esalen Institute was founded in 1962 as an alternative educational center devoted to the exploration of what Aldous Huxley called the "human potential" -- the world of unrealized human capacities that lies beyond the imagination. Esalen soon became known for its blend of East/West philosophies, its experiential/didactic workshops, the steady influx of philosophers, psychologists, artists, and religious thinkers, and its breathtaking grounds and natural hot springs. Once home to a Native American tribe known as the Essalen, Esalen is situated on 27 acres of spectacular Big Sur (California) coastline with the Santa Lucia Mountains rising sharply behind.

(The first seminar, "Expanding Vision," was held September 22-23.)

* www.esalen.org: @
* Esalen Center for Theory & Research: @
* "An Evolutionary Vision" (essay from www.esalen.org): @
* "Esalen Institute turns 50 this year" (San Francisco Chronicle, 2012): @
* "Esalen: America and the Religion of No Religion" (Jeffrey J. Kripal, 2007): @
* "On the Edge of the Future: Esalen and the Evolution of American Culture" (edited by Kripal and Glenn W. Shuck, 2005): @
* "A Cultural History of the Humanistic Psychology Movement in America" (Jessica Lynn Grogan, 2008): @ 

9.17.2012

Monday, September 17, 1962: Isolation experiment


From The New York Times (September 17):

Michel Siffre was removed today from the cave in southern France where he spent the last two months in isolation about 400 feet underground.
He was emaciated, pained by the light and unable to walk without assistance.
Mr. Siffre, who is 23 years old and one of France's leading cave explorers, had entered the underground chamber in an experiment to determine how well man could withstand such conditions of isolation.
He had no way of keeping track of time and the only illumination he had was from flashlights. ...
Mr. Siffre passed much of his time exploring the Alpine glacier in which the cave is situated, making notes, listening to Beethoven recordings on a portable phonograph and reading Plato by flashlight. ...
Fellow cave explorers visited Mr. Siffre Saturday, and told him that his two-month period underground would be over in just two days. Mr. Siffre told them that he guessed that he still had two or three weeks to spend underground.

* Interview with Siffre (Cabinet magazine, 2008): @
* "Time Warp" (Cosmos magazine, 2008): @
* "Time out of mind" (BBC magazine, 2006): @
* Article on chronobiology (from Canadian Institutes of Health Research): @
* Associated Press article: @
* United Press International article: @
* Reuters article: @
* Articles from Le Progres newspaper (in French): @

9.12.2012

Wednesday, September 12, 1962: 'We choose to go to the moon'

Speaking at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas, President Kennedy forcefully reaffirms the United States' commitment to space exploration. The most famous passage:

But why, some say, the moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain. Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?

We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon ... we choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one we intend to win, and the others, too.

Photo from John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.

* Transcript and video (Miller Center, University of Virginia): @
* Newsreel: @
* "50 years ago, Kennedy reached for stars in historic Rice speech" (Douglas Brinkley, Rice University, September 2012): @
* The Rice Thresher (student newspaper, September 19): @
* Speech materials from Kennedy library: @


9.10.2012

1962: Ronald Reagan switches parties


Campaigning for Richard Nixon, who was running for the governorship of California, Reagan changes his political registration from Democrat to Republican. The move had been some time in coming, as Reagan had grown increasingly disenchanted with Democratic Party policies, particularly in regards to the size and scope of the federal government. (Reagan had also helped lead the Southern California Democrats for Nixon during the 1960 presidential campaign; "This is no longer the Democratic Party I joined as a young man," he said at the time.)

From Reagan's book "An American Life" (1990):

I spoke to a Republican fund-raising event near my home in Pacific Palisades and a woman in the audience stood up in the middle of my speech and asked me: "Have you reregistered as a Republican yet?"
"Well, no, I haven't yet," I said, "but I intend to."
"I'm a registrar," she said, and walked down the center aisle through the audience and placed a registration form in front of me. I signed it and became a Republican, then said to the audience, "Now, where was I?"

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library says this took place in the fall of 1962.

Note: Over the years, Reagan would be quoted as saying "I didn't leave the Democratic Party; the Democratic Party left me." That famous line echoes Nixon's acceptance speech at the 1960 Republican National Convention: "And in this campaign I make a prediction. I say that just as in 1952 and 1956 millions of Democrats will join us -- not because they are deserting their party, but because their party deserted them at Los Angeles two weeks ago."

1965 photo of Nixon, Reagan and Barry Goldwater from The Phoenix Gazette.

* "How Reagan Became Reagan" (Steven F. Hayward, Claremont Review of Books, fall 2004): @
* "The Education of Ronald Reagan: The General Electric Years and the Untold Story of His Conversion to Conservatism" (Thomas W. Evans, 2008): @ 
* "Life Before the Presidency" (Miller Center, University of Virginia): @
* "Encroaching Control" (Reagan speech from 1961): @ 

8.31.2012

Friday, August 31, 1962: Last Navy airship flight

From the Associated Press: "LAKEHURST NAVAL AIR STATION, N.J. -- A big white airship ghosted up from its moorings Friday and loomed in the sky for two hours. With its descent the era of the Navy blimp was over. ... The Navy abandoned the blimp program last November. The ship that made Friday's ceremonial trip had been retained by the service for research purposes now completed."

Photo from U.S. Naval Institute. Caption reads, "Airship ZPG-2 (Serial #141559) made the last flight for a U.S. Navy airship on August 31, 1962, thus ending a 45-year Lighter-Than-Air (LTA) saga that began with the DN-1, the Navy's first airship."

* Naval Airship Association website: @
* "Kite Balloons to Airships ... The Navy's Lighter-Than-Air Experience" (Naval Historical Center): @
* "They Sailed the Skies: U.S. Navy Balloons and the Airship Program" (Joseph Gordon Vaeth, 2005): @
* "Airships and Balloons in the World War II Period" (U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission): @
* "Last One Out, Shut Off the Helium" (Air & Space magazine, 2011): @
* "After 50 years, Navy resumes airship program" (Navy Times, 2011): @
* 1957 ad: @
* 1958 newsreel: @

8.17.2012

Friday, August 17, 1962: Peter Fechter



The East German bricklayer, 18, is shot as he tries to cross the Berlin Wall to the West. For almost an hour he lies dying in a no-man's land between the two sectors, with neither the East German troops nor the West German and American guards coming to his aid. His body is finally carried away by the East Germans. Fechter's last minutes were seen in pictures and footage around the world. (Photos from Corbis Images)

* Summary (from Berlin Wall Memorial website): @
* Excerpt from "The Victims at the Berlin Wall 1961-1989: A Biographical Handbook" (Hans Hermann-Hertle and Maria Nooke, 2011): @
* Story in Life magazine (August 31; scroll down to "The Boy Who Died on the Wall"): @
* Fechter memorial (from www.berlin.de): @
* Video (from britishpathe.com): @
* Photo from National Archives: @

8.16.2012

Thursday, August 16, 1962: Pete Best

The Beatles' drummer is fired from the group, primarily because producer George Martin did not think his playing was good enough. Best is replaced by Ringo Starr, whose first gig with the band would be August 18.

Note: The image is from Mersey Beat, which announced the news in its August 23-September 6 issue.

* Entry from www.beatlesbible.com: @
* Entry from www.the-beatles-history.com: @
* Photos of the new lineup (taken August 22; from beatlesource.com): @
* Pete Best biography from Bill Harry, founder of Mersey Beat: @
* www.petebest.com: @
* "The Beatles' many drummers" (from www.onlynorthernsongs.blogspot.ie): @
* Previous Beatles post (George Martin audition, June 6): @

8.15.2012

Wednesday, August 15, 1962: Lei Feng

The Chinese soldier, 22, dies after being struck by a falling telephone pole, which had been hit by a military truck.

From China Central Television (CCTV): "Lei Feng was characterized as a selfless and modest person who was devoted to the Communist Party. In the posthumous ' Learn from Comrade Lei Feng' campaign, initiated by Mao in 1963, Lei became the symbol of nationwide propaganda; the youth of the country were encouraged to follow his example."

This 1965 poster translates as "Uncle Lei Fing tells revolutionary stories." The red scarves indicate that the children are Young Pioneers, members of the Communist youth organization. (Image from chineseposters.net; link below.)

* More from CCTV: @
* Entry from "Dictionary of the Political Thought of the People's Republic of China" (Henry Yuhuai He, 2001): @
* Fushun Lei Feng Memorial Hall: @
* "When Lei Feng meets non-believers" (Global Times, March 2012): @
* "Chinese Heroism Effort Is Met With Cynicism" (New York Times, March 2012): @
* Collection of posters from chineseposters.net: @
* "The Good Soldier Lei Feng" (from iconicphotos.wordpress.com): @
* Links from www.morningsun.org: @

8.05.2012

Sunday, August 5, 1962: Nelson Mandela arrested

Anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela is arrested on charges of inciting a workers' strike and leaving South Africa illegally; he is confined, the beginning of imprisonment that would last until 1990. (He would be sentenced on November 7.) Photo from June 1962.
* Excerpts from trial: @
* "Fiftieth anniversary of Nelson Mandela's sentencing" (from www.nelsonmandelaorg): @
* "The Mystery of Mandela's Arrest" (Wall Street Journal, December 2012): @
* Nelson Mandela Museum: @
* Mandela entry on African National Congress site: @ 


Sunday, August 5, 1962: Marilyn Monroe

From The Associated Press, August 6:
Blonde and beautiful Marilyn Monroe, a glamorous symbol of the gay, exciting life of Hollywood, died tragically Sunday.
Her body was found in bed, a probable suicide. She was 36.
The long-troubled star clutched a telephone in one hand. An empty bottle of sleeping pills was nearby.

From United Press International, August 6:
Marilyn Monroe was dead Monday at 36, victim of an overdose of drugs which ended a tempestuous, glamorous rocket ride to fame and personal tragedy.
The figure on which she rose to stardom was found stretched across the bed of her modest Brentwood home, her lifeless hand grasping a telephone.



* "Death of a Star" (newsreel): @
* Newsreel of funeral: @
* Newsreel archive footage (from British Pathe): @
* "The Last Days of Marilyn Monroe" (Donald H. Wolfe, 2012): @
* "Marilyn Monroe: The FBI Files" (2007): @
* "Marilyn lets her hair down about being famous" (Life magazine, August 3, 1962): @
* marilynmonroe.com: @
* Earlier post on "Happy birthday, Mr. President" (May 19, 1962): @
* Earlier post on "The Misfits" (February 1, 1961): @

8.04.2012

Saturday, August 4, 1962: Carolina Snowball

The rare albino dolphin is captured off the coast of South Carolina. She is transported to the Miami Seaquarium, where she is a star attraction until her death on May 4, 1965.

* Entry from moldville.com (includes account of capture from Captain William Gray): @
* "The Improbable Hunt for the White Porpoise" (Life magazine, September 21, 1962): @
* "Rare albino dolphin poses problems for Seaquarium" (Associated Press story, September 1962): @
* "Stuart man's replica of Carolina Snowball preserves rare albino dolphin's legacy" (from www.tcpalm.com, May 2012): @
* "Albino Dolphin in Northern Gulf of Mexico" (from NOAA Fisheries Service): @

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