5.09.2011

Tuesday, May 9, 1961: 'Vast wasteland' speech

Newton Minow, newly appointed chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, gives a provocative speech to the National Association of Broadcasters convention in Washington, D.C. The speech is titled "Television and the Public Interest." In it, Minow says:

"... When television is good, nothing -- not the magazines or newspapers -- nothing is better.

"But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite each of you to sit down in front of your own television set when your station goes on the air and stay there, for a day, without a book, without a magazine, without a newspaper, with a profit and loss sheet or a rating book to distract you. Keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that what you will observe is a vast wasteland.

"You will see a procession of game shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, violence, sadism, murder, western bad men, western good men, private eyes, gangsters, more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly commercials -- many screaming, cajoling and offending. And, most of all, boredom."

* Text and audio of speech: @
* Biography (from Museum of Broadcast Communications): @
* 1999 interview (from Archive of American Television): @
* "The Vast Wasteland Revisited" (Federal Communications Law Journal, 2003): @

5.06.2011

Undated: Debbie Drake


"The Debbie Drake Show," a morning exercise program, began in 1960 and was shown on TV stations across the country. Drake followed up the show with a syndicated newspaper column along with record albums and books, including "Debbie Drake's Easy Way to a Perfect Figure and Glowing Health" in 1961.
* Watch episode of "The Debbie Drake Show": @
* "Debbie Drake Will Help Keep You Healthy, Happy and Trim" (January 2, 1962): @
* Article from AARP: @
* "One, two" (Time magazine article, May 5, 1961; subscription only): @
* "How to Keep Your Husband Happy" (album cover): @
* Excerpts from book: @

5.05.2011

Friday, May 5, 1961: First American in space

Three weeks after Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union made history as the first man in space, the United States launches Alan Shepard aboard the Freedom 7. The flight lasts 15 minutes and takes Shepard to an altitude of 116 miles.

* Short biography: @
* More from nasa.gov (click on "links" for flight summary): @
* NASA's "This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury" (go to Chapter 11, "Suborbital Flights Into Space"): @


5.01.2011

Monday, May 1, 1961: Legalized betting in England

A portion of the Betting and Gaming Act of 1960 is enacted as betting shops open throughout England. (They had been outlawed since 1853.) Within six months 10,000 shops would appear.

* Summary (from information-britain.co.uk): @
* Summary (from BBC): @
* 2008 article from The Independent: @
* "An Act for the Suppression of Betting Houses" (from 1853): @

Monday, May 1, 1961: Hijacked to Cuba

The first hijacking of a U.S. flight occurs when Antulio Ramirez Ortiz, armed with a gun and a knife, takes control of a National Airlines flight en route from Miami to Key West, Florida, and redirects it to Cuba. Ortiz, an electrician in Miami, said he had been offered $100,000 to assassinate Cuban leader Fidel Castro and wanted to reach Cuba to warn Castro. Ortiz was allowed to stay, while the plane, crew and passengers would return to the United States.

* Summary from "The Encyclopedia of Kidnappings" (book by Michael Newton): @
* Account from "Terrorism on American Soil" (book by Joseph T. McCann): @
* Account from flight attendant: @
* History of the Federal Air Marshal Service (from propublica.org): @

Monday, May 1, 1961: "To Kill a Mockingbird" wins Pulitzer Prize

Click here for entry of July 11, 1960, when the book was first published. Other Pulitzer winners include the photo from a political assassination in Japan (click here for that entry from October 12, 1960), and a special citation for "The American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War."

* Full list of winners: @

4.30.2011

Sunday, April 30, 1961: Self-surgery in the Antarctic


Stationed at a Soviet base in Antarctica, Dr. Leonid Rogozov, 27, has to remove his own appendix before it bursts; he was the only doctor at the base. 
* Summary from theatlantic.com: @ 
* "Self Operation" (by Rogozov, published in Soviet Antarctic Expedition Information): @ 
* "Auto-appendectomy in the Antarctic: case report" (from the British Medical Journal): @

4.29.2011

Saturday, April 29, 1961: Luciano Pavarotti

The opera tenor makes his debut, portraying Rodolfo in "La Bohรจme" at the Teatro Municipale in Reggio Emilia, Italy.

* Listen to part of debut: @
* Short biography and sound clips (from historyofthetenor.com): @
* Official Pavarotti website: @
* pavarottiforever.com (Decca Records website): @

Saturday, April 29, 1961: 'Wide World of Sports'

What would become a staple of sports programming premieres on ABC, televising track's Penn Relays and Drake Relays. The narration that opened the show (starting in its second year) would be memorable as well: "Spanning the globe to bring you the constant variety of sport ... the thrill of victory ... and the agony of defeat ... the human drama of athletic competition ... this is ABC's Wide World of Sports."

* Watch the original opening: @
* 1991 article from Sports Illustrated: @
* Excerpt from "A History of Sports Highlights: Replayed Plays from Edison to ESPN": @
* Excerpt from "Roone: A Memoir" (Roone Arledge was the show's first producer): @

Saturday, April 29, 1961: World Wildlife Fund

The organization dedicated to preserving wildlife and the environment is founded in Switzerland. Its now-familiar logo was inspired by Chi Chi, a giant panda that China had given to the London Zoo.

From the Morges Manifesto (the organization's founding document, dated April 29): "The new organisation will simply offer easy channels for all who want to help to do so by means of a world campaign to raise massive support for the cause and to distribute resources quickly where these are most needed."

* Official websites: @ and @

4.25.2011

Tuesday, April 25, 1961: Integrated circuit

Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor Corp. in Mountain View, California, is granted a patent for a "Semiconductor Device-and-Lead Structure" -- a type of integrated circuit that allowed for much smaller and far fewer components in electronic devices.

* Definition of integrated circuit (from businessdictionary.com): @
* Summary from Computer History Museum: @
* Patent: @
* Short biography of Noyce and more links: @
* "Transistorized!" (from pbs.org): @

4.23.2011

Sunday, April 23, 1961: 'Judy at Carnegie Hall'

Singer-actress Judy Garland performs live at New York's Carnegie Hall. Her performance is recorded on a double album, which reaches No. 1 on the charts and would win five Grammy Awards. For a time, the show put to rest any concerns about her ongoing health and substance-abuse problems. The crowd was adoring; The New York Times wrote: "Indeed, what actually was to have been a concert -- and was -- also turned into something not too remote from a revival meeting."

* More information and track listings (from thejudyroom.com): @
* Listen to "Stormy Weather": @

4.21.2011

Friday, April 21, 1961: Golden Shears

What is now regarded as the world's most prestigious sheep-shearing event is held for the first time in Masterton, New Zealand.

* Summary (from nzhistory.net.nz): @
* Footage from first competition: @
* Official Golden Shears site: @
* www.shearingworld.com: @

4.20.2011

Thursday, April 20, 1961: Jetpack flight

Harold Graham makes the first successful free-flight test of the Bell Aerosystems Rocket Belt. Graham travels 112 feet, rising four feet off the ground. The flight lasts 13 seconds.

* Excerpt from "Jetpack Dreams" (book by Mac Montandon): @
* jetpackdreamsthebook.com: @
* Bell progress report (footage): Part 1 @ and Part 2 @
* Rocket belts and jetpacks website: @
* Entry from flying-contraptions.com: @
* Entry from U.S. Army Transportation Museum: @
* "This Man Can Broad-Jump 368 Feet" (Scientific American, December 1961): @
* Graham obituary (2009): @

April: Bay of Pigs aftermath

April 20
* Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy's statement on Cuba and neutrality laws: @
* U.S. President John F. Kennedy's address to the American Society of Newspaper Editors: @
* Footage of speech: @

April 21
* Footage of JFK press conference, Part 1: @
* Part 2: @
* Part 3: @ (This contains the Kennedy quote, "There's an old saying that victory has a hundred fathers and defeat is an orphan.")

April 22
* Letter from Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev to JFK: @
* JFK meets with former President Eisenhower at Camp David, Maryland (photo above). The picture would win the 1962 Pulitzer Prize in photography. The story behind the photo: @

April 24
* The White House releases a statement that reads: "President Kennedy has stated from the beginning that as President he bears sole responsibility for the events of the past few days. He has stated it on all occasions and he restates it now so that it will be understood by all. The President is strongly opposed to anyone within or without the administration attempting to shift the responsibility."

April 27
* JFK address to the American Newspaper Publishers Association: @ (also known as "The President and the Press" speech)

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